There is a frequently asked question that in spite of having an earthquake prone area, there are many metro cities built in the Japan then why not in Guwahati? To meet the query, firstly geographically and geologically it is not similar to Northeast Region. It is true that Japan is very experiencing country to face with an earthquake that had occurred frequently due to position of trench zone in the Pacific Oceanic region and received moderate to large magnitude of earthquakes. Secondly, they are the top as concern to the earthquake resistance technology in the world and they have strong seismic observation facilities.
It is very strange, that they have all total 5904 numbers of seismographs including high sensitive seismographs, broadband seismographs and strong motion seismograph apart from 1500 of GPS, SLR monitoring the crustal deformations. The seismographs have been placed in surface, subsurface and also under the oceanic water. Recently they have developed the technology related with earthquake warning bulletins within two minutes of source of earthquakes. But it could not be successful in the Kawasakimachi prefecture due to arrival of S waves within 22 seconds.
Yet, this bulletin will help in near future for forecasting of earthquakes. Thirdly, Government is very strict in promotion of earthquake resistance design along with standard quality of construction materials apart from availability of skilled lab ours and peoples are also well preparedness to mitigate the earthquake hazards. Fourthly, all the parts of Disaster management (Pre, post and during) plan are very advanced in the world. The 64000 elevators in Tokyo stopped running as soon as earthquake begins and equipments of control operation works automatically.
Forecasting of earthquake in terms of size, location and real time has not been fulfilled till now. But long term probability of earthquake prediction has been given on the basis of crustal deformation, interval occurrence etc. But there is a maximum probability for true prediction of earthquakes keeping view with worldwide advance researches. Till the true prediction we must have a pre-disaster plan in this city as well as to the region.
Forecasting of earthquake in terms of size, location and real time has not been fulfilled till now. But long term probability of earthquake prediction has been given on the basis of crustal deformation, interval occurrence etc. But there is a maximum probability for true prediction of earthquakes keeping view with worldwide advance researches. Till the true prediction we must have a pre-disaster plan in this city as well as to the region.
The assessment of damages and destruction of buildings along with estimated danger of life respective to the size, depth, source of probable earthquake in different seismic belt of location will be fruitful measures with the help of integration of different thematic mappings in the field of seismic hazards. The identification of primary and secondary risk zone has come more prioritized to evaluate the assessment of damages in seismic hazard mapping. The vulnerable and risk zones are to be identified in the Guwahati city where there is a maximum possibility of damages at the earthquake disasters.
To find out the vulnerable and risk zones it will have to consider different thematic options seismic, geology, socio-economic conditions, physical & social infrastructure, technology etc apart from mainly of seismic microzonation of city. The secondary risk and vulnerable zone is also a major criterion because earthquake proof buildings may collapse in the vulnerable zones due to liquefaction or submergence. This has occurred in the recent earthquakes in the Japan and China.
Even the safe Assam Type house may come under high risk zone below the high rise apartment having necked short column in the ground floor situated on earth filling deposits. The secondary risks hazards may be broke out from the sources of fire, landslides, road blocks by probable debris, electrical networking, telephone networking etc. The different themetic action plans may have been prepared in the digital database format to mitigate the probable risk hazards in the city. These preparedness plans are required urgently as concern to the mitigation of the probable seismic hazards in the Guwahati City .
Conclusion: Till the Pre disaster management plan is completed the citizens must have follow the suggestions during and after an earthquake:
Conclusion: Till the Pre disaster management plan is completed the citizens must have follow the suggestions during and after an earthquake:
- Locate the safe open spaces near your house where no eclectic line passes.
- Try to stay in the plain level in the hilly areas and come away from abrupt elevation spot and go away from undercutting of soil and boulders.
- Don't run, and move as little as possible to avoid falling debris.
- No need to panic if you are inside a building.
- Try to come out from the building where it is situated just near the wet land or on the beels.
- Avoid ground floors as these tend to be crushed first if a building collapses. If you can't escape, go under a table or desk to protect yourself from falling objects.
- Big earthquakes usually have 3 phases of tremor. The first tremor is almost perceptible to humans, but it can be understood from the abnormal behavior of animals like dog, birds, snakes etc. A few seconds or minutes later it may strike the second tremor, which also humans can feel. Wait till it has stopped, then rush outside if you are near the exit, or go away from tall buildings.
- Go away from the riverbanks of Brahmaputra, Bharalu and also from wet lands of the city.
- In general, second or third tremor is usually the most powerful. So, after the first tremor try to come out from the houses and stay for at least half an hour in open spaces.
- Individual Public Buildings i.e. Schools, colleges, hospitals, markets, Offices should make the strategic plan for their better preparedness.
- LPG plants at Amingaon, Storage at Bamunimaidam, Uzanbazar etc Noonmati Refinery and others should be made proper plan that fire could not break out at any instant.
- As soon as you feel tremor immediately switch of the regulator of LPG if it is on.
- Proportionate Machineries and equipments: Excavators, Bulldozers, Tipper Trucks, Hydraulic Jacks (Platform type), Hydraulic Cranes, Detectors, Pneumatic Cutters etc which are essentials in an earthquake prone city like Guwahati.
- Before going to purchase a plot, to know the subsurface conditions of the area please consult with a Geologist first and see the Master Plan of Guwahati city and finally take the latest earthquake resistance design from a structural Engineer apart from concrete Government Norms and policy.
- Before construction of high rise buildings first drill for taping ground water and analyzed your underground formation by a geologist apart from soil testing and others Governments Rule and Regulations.
- Earthquake does not kill directly except liquefaction and sand craters but physical structure kill the peoples, so always keep in mind for earthquake resistance structures and accurate soil testing.
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